WolfWikis - Recent changes [en]

Case 9 Taking Lake Tahoe

2009-11-21T01:11:35Z

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	'''Social Ecology''':		'''Social Ecology''':

-	Social ecology advocates a reconstructive and transformative outlook on social and environmental issues, and promotes a directly democratic, confederal politics. Social ecology states that ecological problems arise from deep-seated social problems. Social ecology calls for a moral economy and a world that can intertwine human communities with the natural world. Social ecology celebrates diversity, creativity and freedom. These ecological problems cannot be understood or resolved without first address the social issues. The social issues facing this case are the "grow or die" mentalities that seek to over develop Lake Tahoe but more importantly do not harmonize the natural world with the human one. Therefore, in this particular case we must find a way a democratic way to harmonize the natural world of Lake Tahoe with the human world in order to create a mutual respect for all aspects of life. In order to do this one would need to eliminate industrial domination of Lake Tahoe. It would take radical collective action and co-operative social moments. Radical collective action and co-operative social moments must take place in all aspects; in the economy, in the industries, in the families, in the psyche of the people and so on.- Suzanne Staples	+	Social ecology advocates a reconstructive and transformative outlook on social and environmental issues, and promotes a directly democratic, confederal politics. Social ecology states that ecological problems arise from deep-seated social problems. Social ecology calls for a moral economy and a world that can intertwine human communities with the natural world. Social ecology celebrates diversity, creativity and freedom. These ecological problems cannot be understood or resolved without first address the social issues. The social issues facing this case are the "grow or die" mentalities that seek to over develop Lake Tahoe but more importantly do not harmonize the natural world with the human one. Therefore, in this particular case we must find a way a democratic way to harmonize the natural world of Lake Tahoe with the human world in order to create a mutual respect for all aspects of life. In order to do this one would need to eliminate industrial domination of Lake Tahoe. It would take radical collective action and co-operative social moments. Radical collective action and co-operative social moments must take place in all aspects; in the economy, in the industries, in the families, in the psyche of the people and so on.
		+
		+	- Suzanne Staples

	http://www.social-ecology.org/learn/general-education-information/		http://www.social-ecology.org/learn/general-education-information/
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	http://www.tahoescience.org/Document.aspx?id=120		http://www.tahoescience.org/Document.aspx?id=120
		+
		+	Social ecology is concerned with the relationships between human populations and their environments. This concept is concerned with the domination of people over natire. Domination is mainly the fault of such concepts such as capitalism. Social ecologists have stated that the present ecological problems are not clearly understood or resolved without dealing with problems within society that pertain to this matter. Social ecologists have commented that the most serious ecological upsets of recent years has resulted due to economic, ethnic, cultural, and gender conflicts, among many others in our society. Sustainability which is a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged has been affected directly by the human population. As Earth’s population has grown, the natural ecosystems have declined and changes in the balance of natural cycles have had a negative impact on both humans and other living systems.
		+
		+	-Contribution by S. Patterson
		+
		+	I believe that sustainable use of nature could benefit everyone. If the concept was used in a responsible manner that was closely watched and monitored by government agencies and private groups in a collective effort then it would have a chance to work. Sustainable use of nature would benefit some more than others like the rich but in the long run it could be beneficial towards everyone living in that environment. Being sustainable only promotes the welfare and well-being of the community involved. In being sustainble means that a resource like the sun is harnessed and used again without depleting its energy. Solar panels would be an example of this type of sustainable resource.
		+
		+	-Contribution by S. Patterson
		+
		+

	NEW CONTRIBUTION BY: Julie Saleeby		NEW CONTRIBUTION BY: Julie Saleeby

Case 29 Mosquitoes, Disease and DDT

2009-11-20T20:28:11Z

The Facts:

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	= The Facts =		= The Facts =

-	Mosquitoes are very well known and very well populated. There are around 2700 species of mosquitoes in the world, and they lay up to 300 eggs at a time. ~~They~~ grow into adulthood after only 4-7 days, and there average lifespan is around 3-100 days. They can detect a warmblooded body 18 feet away, and can only drink about 5-millionths of a liter of blood in one sitting. The danger in mosquitoes are the [http://www.mosquitomagnetdepot.com/info/mosquitoinfo.html diseases] they can carry from person to person, such as Encephalitis, West Nile Fever, Dengue Fever, Molaria, and Yellow fever. Malaria is the most common and serious life taking disease that mosquitoes spread. ~~The~~ number of deaths caused by malaria are 1,124,000 and another 42,280,000 are chronically afflicted by it; and the number caused by dengue fever is 21,000, which claims approximately 1,145,000 deaths each year by only two types of diseases alone. DDT is said to be the most effective way to kill infected mosquitoes carrying such diseases as malaria and denque fever because it can last many months to years.	+	Mosquitoes are very well known and very well populated. There are around 2700 species of mosquitoes in the world, and they lay up to 300 eggs at a time. Found commonly in standing water, mosquitoes grow into adulthood after only 4-7 days, and there average lifespan is around 3-100 days. They can detect a warmblooded body 18 feet away, and can only drink about 5-millionths of a liter of blood in one sitting. The danger in mosquitoes are the [http://www.mosquitomagnetdepot.com/info/mosquitoinfo.html diseases] they can carry from person to person, such as Encephalitis, West Nile Fever, Dengue Fever, Molaria, and Yellow fever. Malaria is the most common and serious life taking disease that mosquitoes spread. Malaria is most common in tropic areas and the number of deaths caused by malaria are 1,124,000 and another 42,280,000 are chronically afflicted by it; and the number caused by dengue fever is 21,000, which claims approximately 1,145,000 deaths each year by only two types of diseases alone. Although the diseases affect many types of people, those who are poverty stricken are most likely to get the diseases spread by the mosquitoes because they lack the proper shelter to avoid contact with the mosquitoes. DDT is said to be the most effective way to kill infected mosquitoes carrying such diseases as malaria and denque fever because it can last many months to years.
	DDT was even titled the "most widely used pesticide in history," after World War II. Although highly accredited for miracle work, Author of Silent Springs, Rachel Carson, questions the idea that DDT is not harmful.		DDT was even titled the "most widely used pesticide in history," after World War II. Although highly accredited for miracle work, Author of Silent Springs, Rachel Carson, questions the idea that DDT is not harmful.

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	Biocentric Ethics - proposed by Colby Chance		Biocentric Ethics - proposed by Colby Chance
-	When it comes to mosquitoes, they cause more damage and harm to humans and animals than good; therefore are not a major biocentric concern. It is for humans to be protected, and protect themselves from the diseased causing mosquitoes that is important as well as focuing on animals such as the bald head eagle. Such animals as these are becoming endangered because of mosquitoe spreaded diseases, thus it is our duty to provide protection for ourselves as humans and animals as well. Based on biocentric ethics, all living things are of value, and obviously a mosquitoe is a living thing, but when a living thing interfers with other living things higher on the food chain, causing them to die, become endangered, or infected, those other things are in need of protection from the pest.	+	When it comes to mosquitoes, they cause more damage and harm to humans and animals than good; therefore are not a major biocentric concern. It is for humans to be protected, and protect themselves from the diseased causing mosquitoes that is important as well as focuing on animals such as the bald head eagle. Such animals as these are becoming endangered because of mosquitoe spreaded diseases, thus it is our duty to provide protection for ourselves as humans and animals as well. Based on biocentric ethics, all living things are of value, and obviously a mosquitoe is a living thing, but when a living thing interfers with other living things higher on the food chain, causing them to die, become endangered, or infected, those other things are in need of protection from the pest. An interesting site brings about a less harmful form of preventing the spread of mosquitoes; mosquitofish. Unlike the chemical that was used, DDT, mosquitofish commonly known as minnows and goldfish are fine consumers of mosquito larvae. They eliminate mosquitoes before they are in the adult stage and can spread diseases. This prevents the spreading of disease as well as does not harm animals, plants, humans, nor any other organism like DDT has. http://landscaping.about.com/cs/pestcontrol/a/mosquitocontrol_3.htm

	Mosquitoes are not even close to coming extinct. Therefore, they should not be a biocentric concern. The problem is that we have to many of them and that they are spreading diseases. Therefore, we should not be concerned about saving them but rather stopping them from spreading the diseases. Mosquitoes are more pain than what they are worth and if there is a way to kill them off, it wouldn't be such a bad idea. Its just that DDT in the case causes pain to other animals that we don't need to kill off, so we need to find a new way.		Mosquitoes are not even close to coming extinct. Therefore, they should not be a biocentric concern. The problem is that we have to many of them and that they are spreading diseases. Therefore, we should not be concerned about saving them but rather stopping them from spreading the diseases. Mosquitoes are more pain than what they are worth and if there is a way to kill them off, it wouldn't be such a bad idea. Its just that DDT in the case causes pain to other animals that we don't need to kill off, so we need to find a new way.
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	(5) http://ww.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen06/gen06569.htm		(5) http://ww.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen06/gen06569.htm
-

	===Deep Ecology===		===Deep Ecology===

ENG 248 Group 4 Project

2009-11-20T19:45:22Z

New page

== '''"Gender-cide": The Roots and Impact of Gender Conflict in the Literature''' ==

----

== (1) a synopsis of a biography and bibliography of the authors examined; ==

== (2) a synopsis of three critical articles used to research the topic; ==

== (3) a synopsis of a critical essay on the assigned topic, with a clearly defined thesis statement; ==

== (4) additional popular cultural texts that support the thesis of the critical essay; and a formal bibliography, MLA style. ==

Group Projects

2009-11-20T19:32:42Z

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	* [[ENG 448 Group 2 Book Review Project]]		* [[ENG 448 Group 2 Book Review Project]]
	* [[ENG 248 Group 1 Project]]		* [[ENG 248 Group 1 Project]]
		+	* [[ENG 248 Group 4 Project]]

13: South America

2009-11-20T05:47:56Z

Popular Press:

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	economic crisis instead of getting rid of their phone!		economic crisis instead of getting rid of their phone!
	by Kimberly A Burke--[[User:Kaburke3\|Kaburke3]] 19:32, 18 November 2009 (UTC)		by Kimberly A Burke--[[User:Kaburke3\|Kaburke3]] 19:32, 18 November 2009 (UTC)
		+
		+
		+	'''Ubiquitous Computing in Brazil'''[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-79889311.html]
		+
		+	Although we are not able to read the full article, we can see how ubiquitous computing makes its way to Brazil. In this instance, passer-bys will be notified of services and promotions in the nearby stores. There still lies the issue of privacy with the people of Brazil, as they may see it as invasive. However, one way they are counteracting that is by having the user give consent to this practice and offering discounts and incentives for doing it.
		+	--[[User:Mamathi2\|Mamathi2]] 05:47, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

	== Blogs & Wikis ==		== Blogs & Wikis ==

Snwise

2009-11-20T04:59:40Z

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-	JAMAAT UL-FUQUA:	+	JAMAAT UL-FUQUA (جماعة الفقراء)
-	-~~guilty~~ of ~~many different assassinations throughout history~~	+	~this can be literally translated to mean "community of the impoverished"
		+
		+	Origin (History, Geography, &Goals):
		+	This group originated in Pakistan with Mubarak Ali GIlani Hashemi as its founder in 1980 and quickly spread to and throughout the United States. African American Muslims comprise this group. Despite numerous assassinations and attacks in the United States, Jamaat Ul-Fuqra is not listed as a terrorist group in the United States, but a terrorist organization. Although most of the members can be found in the United States there are alos a great deal of these peoplein the Caribbean. The purpose for this group as far as Hashemi is concerned was to revive Islam. He does not express a desire to terrorize the people of the United States he does however express that he is the reviver of Islam and he will use acts of violence if necessary. He preached in a mosque in Brooklyn in order to spread the teachings of the Qu'Ran and the wisdom he believed Allah bestowed upon him through the holy book. The group's goal to purify Islam through violence has been the main aspect that has attracted the attention of the media. Not only do they reject the Western concept of religion but they also see Muslims who do not hold the same beliefs as they do as their enemies.
		+
		+	Known Acts Of Violence: (Terrorist Methods, Current Activities)
		+	The convicted shoe bomber Richard Reid, who got his name by hiding explosives in his shoes and blew up a jetliner, has been named as a member of Jamaat Ul-Fuqra. The DC Sniper Mastermind John Allen Muhammed has also been connected with this group. Assassinated Ahmadiyya leader Mozaffar Ahmad. Conspired to murder Rashad Khalifa Clement Rodney Hampton-El, member of Jamaat Ul-Fuqra, was one of the men who planned to blow up bridges and tunnels in New York City Hotel Rajneesh was bombeds at the hands of one of the members. In 2007 there was a reported 3,000 members of Ul-Fuqra in the United States although their leader Sheikh Gilani is living in Pakistan. Hashemi was interviewed and blamed 9-11 and a lack of true religion on the Jewish people, it can be found at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMPb1Nx61BA.
		+
		+	Analysis:
		+	This group is one of the less dangerous groups as far as high profile terrorists but no American is safe while there are groups who use terror as a method of achieving their goals are amongst them. It is very diffivcult to differentiat between Muslims that have acclimated themselves to the American lifestyle and hostile Muslims that are a part of a terrorist organization.
		+
		+	Links:
		+	http://islamicpost.wordpress.com/category/magazine-culture/from-the-desk-of-el-sheikh-sultan-muhyuddin-mubarik-ali-shah-gilani/
		+	http://wapedia.mobi/en/Jamaat_ul-Fuqra#1.
		+	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_ul-Fuqra
		+	http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1843711/posts
		+	http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/jamaat.htm
		+	http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMPb1Nx61BA

Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)

2009-11-20T04:07:08Z

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-	~~[[Image:ETA.jpg]] [[Image:barajas4.jpg]]~~
-
	== History ==		== History ==

-	[[Image:~~ETA1~~.~~jpg]] [[Image:ETA2.jpg~~]] [[Image:Basque_3.png]]	+	[[Image:Etalogo.gif]] [[Image:Basque_3.png]]

	ETA is a Basque separatist group that seeks to establish an independent Basque homeland comprising areas of northern Spain and a small portion of southwestern France. The Basques are a Christian ethnic group with their own distinct language and culture. ETA is pronounced "etta" and stands for Euskadi ta Askatasuna which means "Basque Fatherland and Liberty" in the Basque language. Marxist leaning activists founded it in 1959 to rebel against Spanish dictator Francisco Franco and his suppression of the Basque language and culture. Over the past fifty years the group has been responsible for more than 800 deaths, including several high-level government figures. ETA has also engaged in bombings, kidnappings, robberies, and other illegal activities targeted against Spanish and French government interests.		ETA is a Basque separatist group that seeks to establish an independent Basque homeland comprising areas of northern Spain and a small portion of southwestern France. The Basques are a Christian ethnic group with their own distinct language and culture. ETA is pronounced "etta" and stands for Euskadi ta Askatasuna which means "Basque Fatherland and Liberty" in the Basque language. Marxist leaning activists founded it in 1959 to rebel against Spanish dictator Francisco Franco and his suppression of the Basque language and culture. Over the past fifty years the group has been responsible for more than 800 deaths, including several high-level government figures. ETA has also engaged in bombings, kidnappings, robberies, and other illegal activities targeted against Spanish and French government interests.
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	== Goals ==		== Goals ==
		+	[[Image:ETA1.jpg]] [[Image:ETA2.jpg]]

	ETA aims to establish a Basque homeland based on Marxist principles in the Basque areas of northern Spain and southwestern France. Their aspiration, which was outlined in 1995 in their Democratic Alternative publication, is to force the governments of Spain and France to agree on the following:		ETA aims to establish a Basque homeland based on Marxist principles in the Basque areas of northern Spain and southwestern France. Their aspiration, which was outlined in 1995 in their Democratic Alternative publication, is to force the governments of Spain and France to agree on the following:
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	== Terrorism Methods ==		== Terrorism Methods ==
		+	[[Image:Eta-carbmb-Spain.jpg]]

	ETA has used various means of violence to achieve political goals or make statements including shootings, car-bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, armed robberies, and attacking structural targets. Targets include Spanish Government officials, security and military forces, politicians, judicial figures, journalists, and even tourists. Assassinations have included Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, the heir apparent to General Francisco Franco, in 1973 and Popular Party Councilor Manuel Zamarreno in 1998. Attempts include Spanish King Juan Carlos, and Spanish politician and later president Jose Maria Aznar. ETA has killed over 800 people since beginning its violent methods in the early sixties.		ETA has used various means of violence to achieve political goals or make statements including shootings, car-bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, armed robberies, and attacking structural targets. Targets include Spanish Government officials, security and military forces, politicians, judicial figures, journalists, and even tourists. Assassinations have included Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, the heir apparent to General Francisco Franco, in 1973 and Popular Party Councilor Manuel Zamarreno in 1998. Attempts include Spanish King Juan Carlos, and Spanish politician and later president Jose Maria Aznar. ETA has killed over 800 people since beginning its violent methods in the early sixties.
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	Though the group has carried out attacks mainly against Spanish police and government figures in the Basque region, in mid-May 2002 Spanish police foiled plans by ETA to car-bomb the EU-Latin American summit held in Madrid, arresting several ETA members and seizing 400 pounds of explosives. Such an attack might have become the first act of violence against non-Spanish or French targets, and would have marked a significant turning point for ETA's traditionally domestic-focused operations.		Though the group has carried out attacks mainly against Spanish police and government figures in the Basque region, in mid-May 2002 Spanish police foiled plans by ETA to car-bomb the EU-Latin American summit held in Madrid, arresting several ETA members and seizing 400 pounds of explosives. Such an attack might have become the first act of violence against non-Spanish or French targets, and would have marked a significant turning point for ETA's traditionally domestic-focused operations.

-	== ~~Current~~ Activities ==	+	== Past Activities ==

	In June 7, 1968, ETA carries out first planned killing: victim is Meliton Manzanas, chief of secret police in Basque city of San Sebastian.		In June 7, 1968, ETA carries out first planned killing: victim is Meliton Manzanas, chief of secret police in Basque city of San Sebastian.
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	During the summer of 2003 ETA targeted Spanish tourist areas killing three persons.		During the summer of 2003 ETA targeted Spanish tourist areas killing three persons.
		+
		+
		+	== Recent Activities ==
		+	[[Image:180px.jpg]]

	In March, 2006, the ETA declared a permanent cease-fire. In June, Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero announced that his government would begin negotiations with the ETA.		In March, 2006, the ETA declared a permanent cease-fire. In June, Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero announced that his government would begin negotiations with the ETA.

-	30 December, 2006 ETA detonated a van bomb after three confusing warning calls, in a parking building at the Madrid Barajas international airport. The explosion caused the collapse of the building and killed two Ecuadorian immigrants who were napping inside their cars in the parking building. At 6:00 P.M., Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero released a statement stating that the "peace process" had been discontinued.	+	30 December, 2006 ETA detonated a van bomb after three confusing warning calls, in a parking building at the Madrid Barajas international airport. The explosion caused the collapse of the building and killed two Ecuadorian immigrants who were napping inside their cars in the parking building. At 6:00 P.M., Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero released a statement stating that the "peace process" had been discontinued.

-	The group, and therefore the violence resurged in summer 2009, with several ETA attacks leaving three people dead and dozens injured around Spain.	+	The group, and therefore the violence, resurged in summer 2009, with several ETA attacks leaving three people dead and dozens injured around Spain.

	In October of 2009, two top ETA leaders were arrested by a joint operation of French and Spanish police. In reaction, ETA's political ally Batasuna seemed ready to reopen peace talks but still refuses to condemn ETA's violent tactics.		In October of 2009, two top ETA leaders were arrested by a joint operation of French and Spanish police. In reaction, ETA's political ally Batasuna seemed ready to reopen peace talks but still refuses to condemn ETA's violent tactics.

		+	[[Image:Art.otegi.jpg]]
	== Interactions with Governments ==		== Interactions with Governments ==

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	== Analysis ==		== Analysis ==
		+	[[Image:ETA.jpg]]

	Cooperative efforts by the Spanish and French governments have been very successful in putting pressure on ETA, including many arrests of top figures and many supporters. Agreements with outside governments and organizations has helped to limit the financial resources of ETA and this should have a dramatic result on their scope of effect. Within the Basque community, support for ETA is waning with anti-violence demonstrations often occurring in response to ETA events. Favor is shifting to non-violent groups struggling for Basque political autonomy and these groups are enjoying much greater political influence than any group suspected of having ties with ETA can receive. The longevity of the group and commitment to the cause suggest that attacks from ETA will be occurring sporadically for some time to come. However as their resources dwindle and a lack of public backing creates leaks of in-group secrets, ETA should become less and less of a threat until they are eventually no longer viable.		Cooperative efforts by the Spanish and French governments have been very successful in putting pressure on ETA, including many arrests of top figures and many supporters. Agreements with outside governments and organizations has helped to limit the financial resources of ETA and this should have a dramatic result on their scope of effect. Within the Basque community, support for ETA is waning with anti-violence demonstrations often occurring in response to ETA events. Favor is shifting to non-violent groups struggling for Basque political autonomy and these groups are enjoying much greater political influence than any group suspected of having ties with ETA can receive. The longevity of the group and commitment to the cause suggest that attacks from ETA will be occurring sporadically for some time to come. However as their resources dwindle and a lack of public backing creates leaks of in-group secrets, ETA should become less and less of a threat until they are eventually no longer viable.

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2009-11-20T01:51:16Z

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Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)

2009-11-20T01:49:53Z

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	== History ==		== History ==

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Case 17 The Maine Woods National Park

2009-11-20T01:32:06Z

Biocentric Ethics:

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	Morality seeks to understand the rights and responsibilities of humans, human well-being, and the good life for human beings. Therefore, it is not surprising that philosophers have difficulty granting environmental concerns moral consideration (DeJardins, 2006). Ethical domain is determined by helping to define what objects have moral relevance or what objects deserve consideration. What seems to be wrong is that something of value to often seems to be lost by human activity. These values are often lost due to greed or sheer ignorance. Philosophers have discussed moral value in terms of interests. Interest decides what sorts of things deserve moral consideration. So how do people determine what is valuable to them? There are two types of values that people generally take to, instrumental value and intrinsic value. Instrumental value is a function of usefulness. An object with instrumental value possesses that value because it can be used to attain something else of value. The instrumental value of an object lies not in the object itself but in the uses to which that object can be put (DeJardins, 2006). Perhaps the MWC possesses instrumental value. The MWC do not feel that they can gain anything from the creation of the national park. They feel that it will only hurt the residents in the area. Have the MWC forgotten about the well being of the wilderness? Do they only value the Maine Woods for what they can gain from them? It seems as though they value the Maine Woods solely for the enjoyment they can gain from the land such as hunting, fishing, or snowmobiling. They also seem to value the Maine Woods for the economic gain they can receive from the land. Public opinion if often most responsive to claims of lost opportunities, wasted resources, and the like. Intrinsic value, on the other hand, is when an object is valuable in itself and is not valued simply for its uses. Some things are valued because we recognize in them a moral, spiritual, symbolic, aesthetic, or cultural importance. We value them for themselves, for what they mean, for what they stand for, and for what they are, not for how they are used. RESTORE seems to have an intrinsic value for the Maine Woods. They want to create a national park in order to preserve and protect the woods. Not so they can have any type of personal gain from them. They want to restore the wildlife and ecosystems in order to protect all the species living there. Both of these groups have respect for the Maine Woods, yet, they both hold different values for the land. As human interests and needs change, so too will human uses for the environment.		Morality seeks to understand the rights and responsibilities of humans, human well-being, and the good life for human beings. Therefore, it is not surprising that philosophers have difficulty granting environmental concerns moral consideration (DeJardins, 2006). Ethical domain is determined by helping to define what objects have moral relevance or what objects deserve consideration. What seems to be wrong is that something of value to often seems to be lost by human activity. These values are often lost due to greed or sheer ignorance. Philosophers have discussed moral value in terms of interests. Interest decides what sorts of things deserve moral consideration. So how do people determine what is valuable to them? There are two types of values that people generally take to, instrumental value and intrinsic value. Instrumental value is a function of usefulness. An object with instrumental value possesses that value because it can be used to attain something else of value. The instrumental value of an object lies not in the object itself but in the uses to which that object can be put (DeJardins, 2006). Perhaps the MWC possesses instrumental value. The MWC do not feel that they can gain anything from the creation of the national park. They feel that it will only hurt the residents in the area. Have the MWC forgotten about the well being of the wilderness? Do they only value the Maine Woods for what they can gain from them? It seems as though they value the Maine Woods solely for the enjoyment they can gain from the land such as hunting, fishing, or snowmobiling. They also seem to value the Maine Woods for the economic gain they can receive from the land. Public opinion if often most responsive to claims of lost opportunities, wasted resources, and the like. Intrinsic value, on the other hand, is when an object is valuable in itself and is not valued simply for its uses. Some things are valued because we recognize in them a moral, spiritual, symbolic, aesthetic, or cultural importance. We value them for themselves, for what they mean, for what they stand for, and for what they are, not for how they are used. RESTORE seems to have an intrinsic value for the Maine Woods. They want to create a national park in order to preserve and protect the woods. Not so they can have any type of personal gain from them. They want to restore the wildlife and ecosystems in order to protect all the species living there. Both of these groups have respect for the Maine Woods, yet, they both hold different values for the land. As human interests and needs change, so too will human uses for the environment.

-	In reviewing the Maine Woods National Park situation through Paul Taylor's approach of biocentric ethics, I believe he would support the values and plans of RESTORE. RESTORE wants to preserve 3.2 million acres of undeveloped land in the Northeast as a national park. Their goal is not to make profits off of the land, but use it to preserve the trees within the national park, restore native wildlife and ecosystems, protect the waters that run through it, and restore biodiversity. RESTORE also in hopes would like to inspire people across the nation to save the Maine Woods. They would receive no profits except fundings to help save the land, in which a women even donated almost $3 million dollars towards the Maine Woods National Park. RESTORE is able to see the importance and inherent value within the environment there. However, the obstacle to building the national park is the fact that there is no telling what would happen to the surrounding lands around the national park in order to support tourism. The other factor is also how much land within the national park would have to be altered to make it more accessible for humans, such as building roads and pathways. In Schweitzer's reverence for life approach, he would encourage us to not only reserve this park, but to leave the surrounding areas untouched including those within the national park. However, we do not need to take such an extreme approach. Paul Taylor's approach teaches us that we must respect all entities with inherent value, in such a way that we can still carry out our own lives but cannot abuse this power and view nature as only instrumental value. So in using this underdeveloped land for real estate and to timber companies, I feel like that is an important part of our society and not an abuse of power to build homes. In creating the national park, it shows that we still hold inherent value towards nature and would not use it all just for our own personal gain. The gain in the national park would be to help the other wildlife and ecosystems within the national park, thus respecting nature. The Land Trust Alliance also helps to abide by Paul Taylor's approach, in which it limits the amount of land a landowner owns from being developed. Although this 3.2 million acres could easily be used to build other recreational things for personal profit, taking biocentric ethics view would allow us to look passed the possible money, profits, and enjoyment for ourselves and see how the trees, animals, and different ecosystems that live there are equally important and must be respected. I find it interesting that RESTORE finds part of their inherent value to the Maine Woods and plans to build preserve it because of its staggering beauty that deeply impacted Henry David Thoreau. A lot of the plans and publications can be found here: http://www.restore.org/Maine/overview.html	+	New Contribution by Lai Nguyen: In reviewing the Maine Woods National Park situation through Paul Taylor's approach of biocentric ethics, I believe he would support the values and plans of RESTORE. RESTORE wants to preserve 3.2 million acres of undeveloped land in the Northeast as a national park. Their goal is not to make profits off of the land, but use it to preserve the trees within the national park, restore native wildlife and ecosystems, protect the waters that run through it, and restore biodiversity. RESTORE also in hopes would like to inspire people across the nation to save the Maine Woods. They would receive no profits except fundings to help save the land, in which a women even donated almost $3 million dollars towards the Maine Woods National Park. RESTORE is able to see the importance and inherent value within the environment there. However, the obstacle to building the national park is the fact that there is no telling what would happen to the surrounding lands around the national park in order to support tourism. The other factor is also how much land within the national park would have to be altered to make it more accessible for humans, such as building roads and pathways. In Schweitzer's reverence for life approach, he would encourage us to not only reserve this park, but to leave the surrounding areas untouched including those within the national park. However, we do not need to take such an extreme approach. Paul Taylor's approach teaches us that we must respect all entities with inherent value, in such a way that we can still carry out our own lives but cannot abuse this power and view nature as only instrumental value. So in using this underdeveloped land for real estate and to timber companies, I feel like that is an important part of our society and not an abuse of power to build homes. In creating the national park, it shows that we still hold inherent value towards nature and would not use it all just for our own personal gain. The gain in the national park would be to help the other wildlife and ecosystems within the national park, thus respecting nature. The Land Trust Alliance also helps to abide by Paul Taylor's approach, in which it limits the amount of land a landowner owns from being developed. Although this 3.2 million acres could easily be used to build other recreational things for personal profit, taking biocentric ethics view would allow us to look passed the possible money, profits, and enjoyment for ourselves and see how the trees, animals, and different ecosystems that live there are equally important and must be respected. I find it interesting that RESTORE finds part of their inherent value to the Maine Woods and plans to build preserve it because of its staggering beauty that deeply impacted Henry David Thoreau. A lot of the plans and publications can be found here: http://www.restore.org/Maine/overview.html

	===Deep Ecology===		===Deep Ecology===

Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)

2009-11-20T01:30:01Z

Current Activities:

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	== History ==		== History ==
		+
		+	[[Image:ETA1.jpg]] [[Image:ETA2.jpg]] [[Image:Basque_3.png]]

	ETA is a Basque separatist group that seeks to establish an independent Basque homeland comprising areas of northern Spain and a small portion of southwestern France. The Basques are a Christian ethnic group with their own distinct language and culture. ETA is pronounced "etta" and stands for Euskadi ta Askatasuna which means "Basque Fatherland and Liberty" in the Basque language. Marxist leaning activists founded it in 1959 to rebel against Spanish dictator Francisco Franco and his suppression of the Basque language and culture. Over the past fifty years the group has been responsible for more than 800 deaths, including several high-level government figures. ETA has also engaged in bombings, kidnappings, robberies, and other illegal activities targeted against Spanish and French government interests.		ETA is a Basque separatist group that seeks to establish an independent Basque homeland comprising areas of northern Spain and a small portion of southwestern France. The Basques are a Christian ethnic group with their own distinct language and culture. ETA is pronounced "etta" and stands for Euskadi ta Askatasuna which means "Basque Fatherland and Liberty" in the Basque language. Marxist leaning activists founded it in 1959 to rebel against Spanish dictator Francisco Franco and his suppression of the Basque language and culture. Over the past fifty years the group has been responsible for more than 800 deaths, including several high-level government figures. ETA has also engaged in bombings, kidnappings, robberies, and other illegal activities targeted against Spanish and French government interests.
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	== Geography ==		== Geography ==

-	The term Euskadi (also spelled Euzkadi) was coined in 1901 by Sabino Arana, founder of the Basque Nationalist Party. It is used to describe a hypothetical Basque confederation made up of the seven Basque ~~Provinces~~ currently divided politically between Spain and France. It is made up of the Spanish provinces of Alava (Araba), Vizcaya (Bizkaia),Gipuzkoa, the Autonomous Community of Navarra (Nafarroa), ~~and~~ the French areas ~~(not recognized as administrative regions)~~ of Lower Navarre (Behe Nafarroa), Labourd (Lapurdi) and Soule (Zuberoa). ETA operates mainly in Spain, particularly in ~~the Basque Country,~~ Navarre, ~~and (~~to a lesser degree) Madrid, Barcelona, and the tourist areas of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. To date, about 65% of ETA's killings have been committed in the Basque Country, followed by Madrid with roughly 15%. Navarre and Catalonia also register significant numbers. Actions in France usually consist of assaults on arsenals or military industries in order to steal weapons or explosives; these are usually stored in large quantities in hide-outs located in the French Basque Country rather than Spain.	+	[[Image:Basque_1.png]] [[Image:Basque_2.png]]
		+
		+	The term Euskadi (also spelled Euzkadi) was coined in 1901 by Sabino Arana, founder of the Basque Nationalist Party. It is used to describe a hypothetical Basque confederation made up of the seven Basque regions currently divided politically between Spain and France. It is made up of the Spanish provinces of Alava (Araba), Vizcaya (Bizkaia), Gipuzkoa, the Autonomous Community of Navarra (Nafarroa), as well as the French areas of Lower Navarre (Behe Nafarroa), Labourd (Lapurdi) and Soule (Zuberoa). ETA operates mainly in the Basque region of Spain, particularly in Navarre, but also to a lesser degree in Madrid, Barcelona, and the tourist areas of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. To date, about 65% of ETA's killings have been committed in the Basque Country, followed by Madrid with roughly 15%. Navarre and Catalonia also register significant numbers. Actions in France usually consist of assaults on arsenals or military industries in order to steal weapons or explosives; these are usually stored in large quantities in hide-outs located in the French Basque Country rather than Spain.

	== Goals ==		== Goals ==

-	ETA aims to establish a Basque homeland based on Marxist principles in the ~~ethnically~~ Basque areas in northern Spain and southwestern France. Their aspiration, which was outlined in 1995 in their Democratic Alternative publication, is to force the governments of Spain and France to agree on the following:	+	ETA aims to establish a Basque homeland based on Marxist principles in the Basque areas of northern Spain and southwestern France. Their aspiration, which was outlined in 1995 in their Democratic Alternative publication, is to force the governments of Spain and France to agree on the following:

	▪ Recognition of the right to "self-determination and territoriality" for Euskal Herria (Basque Country).		▪ Recognition of the right to "self-determination and territoriality" for Euskal Herria (Basque Country).
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	== Terrorism Methods ==		== Terrorism Methods ==

		+	ETA has used various means of violence to achieve political goals or make statements including shootings, car-bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, armed robberies, and attacking structural targets. Targets include Spanish Government officials, security and military forces, politicians, judicial figures, journalists, and even tourists. Assassinations have included Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, the heir apparent to General Francisco Franco, in 1973 and Popular Party Councilor Manuel Zamarreno in 1998. Attempts include Spanish King Juan Carlos, and Spanish politician and later president Jose Maria Aznar. ETA has killed over 800 people since beginning its violent methods in the early sixties.

		+	The ETA finances itself through kidnappings, robberies, and extortion. The group has been known to rob banks, traffic in drugs, and extort money from businesses in the Basque regions.

		+	Though the group has carried out attacks mainly against Spanish police and government figures in the Basque region, in mid-May 2002 Spanish police foiled plans by ETA to car-bomb the EU-Latin American summit held in Madrid, arresting several ETA members and seizing 400 pounds of explosives. Such an attack might have become the first act of violence against non-Spanish or French targets, and would have marked a significant turning point for ETA's traditionally domestic-focused operations.

	== Current Activities ==		== Current Activities ==

		+	In June 7, 1968, ETA carries out first planned killing: victim is Meliton Manzanas, chief of secret police in Basque city of San Sebastian.

		+	In December 20, 1973, ETA assassinates Premier Luis Carrero Blanco (likely successor to Franco).
		+
		+	September 1998- December 1999 Observed a cease fire. ETA declares a unilateral ceasefire in 1998, following peace agreements in Northern Ireland. Neither the Spanish government nor ETA took the ceasefire seriously, however, and it collapsed after 14 months in December 1999. ETA resumed its acts of violence thereafter.
		+
		+	In 2002, ETA killed five persons, including a child, and wounded approximately 90 persons. This is a notable decrease from 2001's death toll of 15.
		+
		+	In March of 2003 the Spanish Supreme Court banned the Basque Batasuna party from participating in national or municipal elections, citing ties to the ETA. Later that year in May, a car bomb was exploded in Madrid killing three people; the bomb was reportedly attributed to the ETA.
		+
		+	During the summer of 2003 ETA targeted Spanish tourist areas killing three persons.
		+
		+	In March, 2006, the ETA declared a permanent cease-fire. In June, Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero announced that his government would begin negotiations with the ETA.
		+
		+	30 December, 2006 ETA detonated a van bomb after three confusing warning calls, in a parking building at the Madrid Barajas international airport. The explosion caused the collapse of the building and killed two Ecuadorian immigrants who were napping inside their cars in the parking building. At 6:00 P.M., Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero released a statement stating that the "peace process" had been discontinued.
		+
		+	The group, and therefore the violence resurged in summer 2009, with several ETA attacks leaving three people dead and dozens injured around Spain.
		+
		+	In October of 2009, two top ETA leaders were arrested by a joint operation of French and Spanish police. In reaction, ETA's political ally Batasuna seemed ready to reopen peace talks but still refuses to condemn ETA's violent tactics.

	== Interactions with Governments ==		== Interactions with Governments ==

		+	The group apparently has links to the Irish Republican Army, and some believe that it has often followed the IRA’s lead in terms of tactics and operations. They have also established relations with the Algerian Islamic Group, for which it has provided training in the production of explosives, guerrilla warfare and urban terrorism. ETA has obtained weapons, safe houses, and other logistics support from Islamic networks in Europe. Terrorism experts believe that ETA may also have helped Colombian terrorists to bomb a social club in Bogota in early 2003. ETA members have reportedly received training in Lebanon, Libya, Yemen, and Nicaragua, as well as sanctuary in Cuba.
		+
		+	The struggle between ETA and the Spanish government persists, but the government of President José Aznar has gained the upper hand since the onset of the anti-terror campaign. Spain has also secured bilateral agreements with the United States, France and Mexico on denying ETA sanctuary, choking off its funds, and sharing intelligence on terrorism. Spain, the United States and the European Union all recognize ETA as a terrorist organization.

	== Analysis ==		== Analysis ==
		+
		+	Cooperative efforts by the Spanish and French governments have been very successful in putting pressure on ETA, including many arrests of top figures and many supporters. Agreements with outside governments and organizations has helped to limit the financial resources of ETA and this should have a dramatic result on their scope of effect. Within the Basque community, support for ETA is waning with anti-violence demonstrations often occurring in response to ETA events. Favor is shifting to non-violent groups struggling for Basque political autonomy and these groups are enjoying much greater political influence than any group suspected of having ties with ETA can receive. The longevity of the group and commitment to the cause suggest that attacks from ETA will be occurring sporadically for some time to come. However as their resources dwindle and a lack of public backing creates leaks of in-group secrets, ETA should become less and less of a threat until they are eventually no longer viable.
		+
		+
		+	== Sources ==
		+
		+	1 http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/eta.cfm
		+
		+	2 http://www.survivalx.com/foreign-terrorist-organizations/basque-fatherland-and-liberty-eta-.html
		+
		+	3 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/eta.htm
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		+	4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETA
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		+	5 http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/eta.htm
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		+	6 http://www.cfr.org/publication/9271/

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2009-11-19T21:43:33Z

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2009-11-19T21:43:18Z

uploaded "Image:ETA1.jpg"

Casey Stewart's Self-Reflection Letter

2009-11-19T21:42:11Z

New page: Dear Dr. Young and Dr. Lee, Dating back to when I was in high school, I can remember being interested in the way women’s body images were portrayed throughout the media and society. ...

New page

Dear Dr. Young and Dr. Lee,

Dating back to when I was in high school, I can remember being interested in the way women’s body images were portrayed throughout the media and society. It was always heartbreaking to me to see women, along with myself, so down on themselves because they could not compete with the images of women flashing on the TV screens or gracing the front covers of popular magazines. So, when I was told that I could choose any topic to research and conduct an inquiry on, I was thrilled, I would finally have a chance to engage in something that I was so passionate about!

In the beginning, the research and writing process for me was very challenging. I had a hard time trying to narrow my focus. There were so many things that I wanted to explore; however, for this particular project, especially the historical inquiry, my focus needed to be more narrow. Finally, with the help of Dr. Lee, I was able to narrow my focus to one media source, Vogue magazine. From there I still found it to be a bit challenging. Everywhere I searched had people who expressed their opinions and felt much like me; yet my job was to find my own primary source documents. After much research, I finally found something that I could work with! My job for my historical inquiry project was to browse through hundreds of Vogue’s front covers and develop my own opinions and hypothesis of how women are portrayed through that particular media source. I was finally on my way!

If I were to rate my final inquiry product on a scale from 0-3, I would rate myself as a 2.8. I was very pleased with my final outcome. I loved my topic and love performing the research and making my own analysis. However, I wish that I was able to find more primary source documents. My topic was so narrow that I feel like I limited myself through my research. Although I conducted thorough research on my one primary source document, I wish that I could have gone even further and researched blogs or conducted interviews with people working for Vogue magazine. However, maybe that can be for another time.

I had a very long revision process, I felt like all I did was revise. My question changed multiple times. For about a week or so, it was something different every day. I had a hard time nailing it down. Also, throughout my historical inquiry paper, I had to make sure that I became more specific with my topic. I added photos to give my readers examples, and I spoke with a more researched based tone rather than an ironic tone in my Paul Harvey portion. Throughout my Paul Harvey portion I had to move from my research and analysis tone to a more entertaining, broadcaster’s voice. This was a little hard because I am so used to writing research papers, but I enjoyed the Paul Harvey portion very much!

Overall, I think that I demonstrated many qualities of good writing. Throughout my writing, I made sure that I had my own voice. I liked how I was able to gather my own findings and own understandings based on what I viewed, instead of what someone else has already researched. I think I did a great job of incorporating sources within my writing and keeping my inquiry paper fluid. I also enjoyed writing and reading my transitioning sentences. For example, “A woman’s beauty is based on adornments, clothing, jewelry, and make-up. Diamonds, precious stones of bold and bright colors, gold, silver, fur, extravagant gowns, upscale clothing, and designer everything, caged most models throughout the images.” I like how it intrigues writer from the very beginning and captures their minds for what they are about to read.

This project was very enjoyable for me. It was a long process, one that seemed to go on and on, but I am very happy with my finished product. I enjoyed the writing aspects and the filming aspects of the project and cannot wait to take it and use this in my own classroom one day!

Thank you so much for all of your encouragement and feedback,

Casey Stewart

How have the body images of women changed over time?

2009-11-19T21:41:27Z

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	[[Casey Stewart's Inquiry Application]]		[[Casey Stewart's Inquiry Application]]
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		+	[[Casey Stewart's Self-Reflection Letter]]

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2009-11-19T21:40:24Z

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2009-11-19T21:40:08Z

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